STUDY OF THE PROCESSES OF LIMITING THE SPREAD OF FIRE FROM OUTSIDE THE BUILDING USING COMPUTATIONAL GAS HYDRODYNAMICS

Abstract

The paper investigates the impact of structural parameters of fire protection cornices on the processes of limiting the spread of fire from the outside of the facade using a gas-hydrodynamic model. The research methodology is described, as well as the initial parameters used when creating a computer model of a facade fragment and the types of facade fire barriers under study. An analytical review of previous scientific works on the study of the main criteria characterizing the danger of fire spreading to the upper floors of the building, as well as the most dangerous scenarios of fire occurrence and development, is conducted. The main stages of the program of experimental research on the processes of fire spreading from the outside of the facade using the method of computational gas-hydrodynamics are formed and described. The experimental plan, the sequence of research stages, the characteristics of the computer model, and the structural parameters of the recreated model of the installation for predicting the spread of fire on building facades are presented. The environmental parameters and the duration of each stage of computer modeling are substantiated. The relative efficiency of the “winglet” type cornice for widths of 0.3 m; 0.5 m; 0.75 m; 1.0 m; 1.25 m and 1.5 m was investigated, in particular in terms of the maximum area of ​​critical heating of the facade, the average velocity of the upward flow and the pressure value in the facade zone. It was established that the fire-fighting cornice in the form of a “winglet” with its width of 0.3 m is inappropriate to use for facade protection at the boundaries of vertical fire compartments. The systematization of the obtained data allowed us to assess the influence of the design parameters of fire-fighting cornices on the dynamics of processes related to limiting the spread of dangerous fire factors to higher floors. In addition, the obtained data will allow us to more effectively use fire-fighting cornices to protect various functional areas of the building.