FEATURES OF APPLICATION OF UNMANNED AVIATION BY FOREIGN COUNTRIES IN THE INTEREST OF DAMAGE ASSESSMENT FROM EMERGENCY SITUATIONS

Abstract

The article examines the experience, features, and trends of the use of unmanned aviation by foreign states in the interest of assessing the losses caused to economic objects and individuals as a result of emergencies of different origins, which is an urgent issue for Ukraine. The purpose of the article was to identify the features, and trends in the use of unmanned aircraft in foreign countries in the interest of assessing losses from emergencies. As a result of research on the object of the impact of negative factors, the types of damage from emergencies, which are the subject of assessment using the unmanned aerial vehicles in foreign countries, were determined: harm to the life and health of specific people (medical and biological), which is determined by specific violations of their health, leading to some of them. The community (population of the country, society) to social losses and, as a result, as a result, a reduction in the average life expectancy; losses to the socioeconomic system (socioeconomic), which manifests itself in the loss of one or another type of property, costs of relocating people, payments of compensation to victims, lost profits from non-concluding and broken contracts, disruption of the normal economic activity, deterioration of living conditions of people, etc.; losses to the state (sociopolitical); environmental damage (ecological), which means the deterioration of the natural environment or the cost of its restoration, the loss of the national economic value of territories or the cost of its rehabilitation. The results of the studies made it is possible to draw the following conclusions: the use of information from the species and parametric equipment, which is installed onboard the drones, allows foreign countries to quickly assess losses from accidents at industrial enterprises, railway accidents with dangerous goods, terrorist acts to determine the degree of pollution of large areas with chemical or nuclear waste, determine losses from forest fires, etc. Unmanned aerial vehicles, according to the experience of foreign countries, are a modern, accessible, operational, and objective source of relevant spatial information. Attention is focused on the fact that the use of unmanned aircraft for assessing damage from emergencies by government agencies has created a basis for insurance companies to use drones in their activities. It is proposed to consider the directions for further research: research of modern experience and global trends in the use of unmanned aviation by the leading countries of the world for forecasting and in the course of emergency response; study of ways to counter amateur drones that interfere with rescuers during emergency response, etc.