MONITORING OF EMERGENCIES OF LVIV REGION RELATED TO FIRES AT WASTE STORAGE FACILITIES

Abstract

Lviv region is located in the western part of Ukraine. The area of ​​the region is 21.8 thousand km², which is 3.6% of the territory of Ukraine. Population – 2512 thousand people. The region occupies the southwestern edge of the Eastern European Plain and the western part of the northern macroslope of the Ukrainian Carpathians. In the Lviv region the most environmentally dangerous are the following facilities - "Dobrotvirska Thermal Power Plant", "Lviv Coal Company", "Stepova" Mine, Lviv City Utility Company "Lvivvodokanal", and until recently "Zbyranka", which operated the city landfill solid household waste. The purpose of the presented work is to monitor emergencies that have occurred at the Lviv City Landfill for solid waste and waste heap "Lviv Coal Company". Emergency monitoring is a system of continuous observation, laboratory and other control to assess the state of protection of the population and territories and dangerous processes that may lead to the threat or occurrence of emergencies, as well as timely detection of trends. As part of the monitoring, we considered the causes of emergencies at waste storage facilities and ways to rehabilitate devastated landscapes. Methods used in the study: field, analysis, observation, radiation. In 2016, two local-level emergencies occurred at Lviv region waste storage facilities - a fire at the Lviv City Landfill for Solid Waste and a fire at the Lviv Coal Company waste heap. In order to effectively protect the environment from hazardous landscape-transforming factors, landfills and waste heaps carry out reclamation works. The most common pioneer species at the Lviv landfill were members of the families Betulaceae, Salicaceae, Fabaceae, Rosaceae, Asteraceae, and the waste heap - Pinaceae, Poaceae. At present, both of the presented objects are characterized by increased radiation background: the power of the equivalent dose of photon ionizing radiation at the Lviv landfill is 0.41 μSv/h, at the dump - 0.35 μSv/h. The origin of radiation in the landfill is artificial, and in the dump - natural. It has been established that in order to prevent emergencies at landfills, it is necessary to adhere to storage technologies, as well as to rehabilitate devastated landscapes in accordance with the norms and research of leading scientists.