ОПТИМІЗАЦІЯ РЕЦЕПТУРИ ВОГНЕГАСНОГО ПОРОШКУ СПЕЦІАЛЬНОГО ПРИЗНАЧЕННЯ ДЛЯ КОМБІНОВАНОГО ГАСІННЯ ПОЖЕЖ КЛАСУ А, B та D

Abstract

The process of extinguishing class D fires (in the presence of light metal compounds) and class A, B fires is relevant both in wartime and in peacetime. The main danger of fires of this class is magnesium, aluminum and their alloys, which are used both in civilian industry and in the military in the manufacture of incendiary grenades. Given the hazards of metal combustion and the possibility of combined fires, the search for and research of new compositions of extinguishing agents with combined action is an urgent task.

Fire tests of fire extinguishing powders for extinguishing magnesium alloys were carried out and it was found that NaCI, KCl, ground slag, ground ash are the most effective. It has been substantiated that fires in the presence of light metals are also accompanied by the burning of lubricants, grease and solid combustibles, and therefore it is advisable to add ammophos and components to the fire extinguishing powder formulation that will dust the extinguishing mixture and ensure its fluidity. Optimal fire extinguishing characteristics of powders of different formulations for extinguishing light metals are determined. The influence of the optimal composition of fire extinguishing powder on the fire extinguishing process was studied according to the plan matrices compiled on the basis of the theory of planning multifactorial experiments.

Experimental studies of individual chemical components of fire extinguishing powders for extinguishing class D fires were carried out and it was found that sodium chloride, ground slag and ammophos are effective chemicals. Laboratory tests of fire extinguishing mixtures consisting of sodium chloride, ammophos, ground slag and aerosil, zinc stearate were performed and extinguishing parameters were determined. It was found that the optimal ratio of fire extinguishing powder components that provide the optimal value of the supply intensity is: ammophos - 17.5%, NaCI - 60%, ground slag - 20%, aerosil/zinc stearate - 2.5%.

The obtained experimental results are confirmed by mathematical modeling using matrices of fractional factorial experiments of the 2nd order.

Keywords: extinguishing powder, fire class, combined fire, fractional factorial experiment, optimal ratio.