EVALUATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF ABSORBER FILTERS IN AIR PURIFICATION SYSTEMS OF CIVIL DEFENSE FACILITIES

Abstract

The article discusses current aspects of assessing the effectiveness of filter absorbers, which are key elements of air purification systems in civil defense shelters. One of the main components that ensures life support in a protective shelter is an absorption filter, whose task is to remove harmful impurities from the air entering the interior of the structure. The study analyzes the design types of filter absorbers used in Ukraine, in particular the FP, FPU, and FVK-ZF series filters, as well as RP-100 type regenerative cartridges. Particular attention is paid to modern Israeli ARCONIK AFU series filters, which demonstrate a high degree of purification, ease of maintenance, and compliance with European standards. A comparative table of the technical characteristics of these filters is provided, taking into account performance, aerodynamic resistance, nominal openings, and other operational indicators. The paper focuses on the main technical parameters that determine the efficiency of filters: aerodynamic resistance at nominal air flow, structural tightness, and the ability to adsorb model substances such as dimethyl methylphosphonate, chlorine cyanide, and toluene. The testing methods used to evaluate these parameters are described in detail. 3D models of test rigs designed to determine resistance, tightness, and adsorption capacity in a filter and in a test column with activated carbon are presented. It has been determined that, in accordance with the requirements of DSTU 9077:2021, filters must comply with strict technical standards, in particular, they must not exceed the resistance limit values and must ensure complete filtration without breakthrough. Attention is drawn to the need to harmonize national standards with European ones and to introduce more modern approaches to certification and monitoring of air quality in emergency situations. The conclusions outline promising areas for further research: the introduction of the latest sorbents, the adaptation of mobile air control systems, the improvement of filter designs, and the modernization of the existing regulatory and technical framework, taking into account European practices.