POSSIBILITIES OF USING POLYMER GEL SOLUTIONS WHEN EXTINGUISHING LANDFILLS AND LANDFILLS OF SOLID HOUSEHOLD WASTE

Abstract

The dangers associated with the elimination of fires and emergency situations at the objects of landfills and household waste landfills are considered. An analysis of domestic and foreign literary sources was carried out according to the direction of research. It was found that the characteristics of the quenching of these objects. related to the composition and structure of combustible materials, which can form many centers of combustion and have the ability to re-ignite, have a relatively low value of the fire load compared to man-made ones, and that the air that comes from the environment through the porous takes an active part in supporting the combustion process landfill structure. It is noted that the existing landfill extinguishing technologies are not effective.

The process of exiting combustion products throughout the porous body, which is the structure of the landfill, was considered, which provided information about the spatial branching of heated gas flows, on the basis of which a scheme for the passage of air flows from the exits was developed. Possible ways of increasing the efficiency of isolation and fire extinguishing of household waste landfills are indicated.

As a new fire-extinguishing substance, it is proposed to consider an aqueous solution of a polymeric gel-forming substance of the ECOFLOC A - 07 type with the addition of surface-active substances. The use of a hydrogel solution in a concentration of up to 0.3% increases the ratio of water use by 2...3.5 times compared to the use of water itself.

When using the gel when extinguishing fires, re-ignition is excluded, even with further exposure to an open flame. The gel particles block the air channels, blocking the access of air through the body, the temperature in the middle of the body and on its surface does not exceed 80-100℃. The effectiveness of the use of hydrogels in terms of their consumption and the thickness of hydrogel films of different viscosities in comparison with water is indicated. By changing the concentration of gel-forming additives, you can vary the viscosity, evaporation rate of the solution, and the depth of penetration of the fire-extinguishing agent into the environment. Compared to water, the efficiency of using hydrogels is 2 ... 4 times higher due to the increase in the coefficient of water use and the formation of surface films during quenching.

The presence of potassium salts in the hydrogel leads not only to an increase in the coefficient of water use up to 5.4 times, but also makes it possible to combine effective cooling of the fire source by increasing the efficiency of water use with an inhibitory effect. The fire-extinguishing solution with the addition of polymer hydrogel under the influence of temperature forms a polymer film that increases adhesion both to the burning and to the surface that is protected from ignition, at the same time it isolates it from oxygen access, preventing the intensive flow of the fire-extinguishing substance, partially filling the porous structure of the landfill, has increased fire-extinguishing properties and significantly reduces the loss of fire-extinguishing substance.

The results obtained during the study indicate the possibility of using aqueous fire extinguishing solutions with the use of viscous hydrogels when extinguishing solid substances in atmospheric conditions, but further research is needed.